The Assam Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Assam. It is housed in Dispur, the capital of Assam, geographically situated in present Western Assam region. The Legislative Assembly comprises 126 Members of Legislative Assembly, directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.
According to provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, a bicameral legislature of Assam province came into existence in 1937. After the Government of India Act, 1935 was passed, it paved the way for the formation of Assam Legislative Assembly, and became a bicameral legislature. The strength of the House was 108, where all the members were elected. The Legislative Council (Upper House) was not less than 21 and not more than 22 members.The first sitting of its lower house, the Assam Legislative Assembly, took place on 7 April 1937 in the Assembly Chamber at Shillong. Shillong was the capital of the composite State of Assam. It had a strength of 108 members.
However, the strength of the Assembly was reduced to 71 after the partition of India. After Indian independence in 1947, the Assam Legislative Council was abolished and the Assam Legislative Assembly became unicameral.In the years that followed, Assam was truncated to several smaller states. And over the years, with the changing geographical boundaries and increase in population, the strength of members has changed from 108 in 1952-57 to 114 in 1967-72 (the third Assembly) and by 1972-78 (the fifth Assembly) it had a strength of 126 members.
| Sl No. | Name | From | To |
| 1 | Babu Basanta Kumar Das | 7 April 1937 | 11 March 1946 |
| 2 | Debeswar Sarmah | 12 March 1946 | 10 October 1947 |
| 3 | Laksheswar Borooah (INC) | 5 November 1947 | 3 March 1952 |
| Sl No. | Name | From | To | Political Party |
| 1 | Kuladhar Chaliha | 5 March 1952 | 7 June 1957 | Indian National Congress |
| 2 | Devakanta Barua | 8 June 1957 | 15 September 1959 | Indian National Congress |
| 3 | Mahendra Mohan Choudhury | 9 December 1959 | 19 March 1967 | Indian National Congress |
| 4 | Hareswar Goswami | 20 March 1967 | 10 May 1968 | Indian National Congress |
| 5 | Mahi Kanta Das | 27 August 1968 | 21 March 1972 | Indian National Congress |
| 6 | Ramesh Chandra Barooah | 22 March 1972 | 20 March 1978 | Indian National Congress |
| 7 | Jogendra Nath Hazarika | 21 March 1978 | 4 September 1979 | Janata Party |
| 8 | Sheikh Chand Mohammad | 7 November 1979 | 7 January 1986 | Indian National Congress |
| 9 | Pulakesh Barua | 9 January 1986 | 27 July 1991 | Asom Gana Parishad |
| 10 | Jiba Kanta Gogoi | 29 July 1991 | 9 December 1992 | Indian National Congress |
| 11 | Debesh Chandra Chakravorty | 21 December 1992 | 11 June 1996 | Indian National Congress |
| 12 | Ganesh Kutum | 12 June 1996 | 24 May 2001 | Asom Gana Parishad |
| 13 | Prithibi Majhi | 30 May 2001 | 19 May 2006 | Indian National Congress |
| 14 | Tanka Bahadur Rai | 29 May 2006 | 19 May 2011 | Indian National Congress |
| 15 | Pranab Kumar Gogoi | 6 June 2011 | 19 May 2016 | Indian National Congress |
| 16 | Ranjit Kumar Das | 1 June 2016 | 30 January 2017 | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 17 | Hitendra Nath Goswami | 30 January 2017 | Present | Bharatiya Janata Party |